Published: October 9, 2012
The meningitis outbreak that has sickened at least 119
people and killed 11 of them has laid bare a
disturbing lack of regulatory oversight of pharmacies that mix drug
compounds and ship them around the country. Unless Congress passes legislation
to strengthen the hand of the Food and Drug Administration, the public will
continue to be at risk from contaminated products.
The
outbreak has been linked to a steroid made by the New England Compounding
Center in Framingham, Mass., that was shipped to 23 states. The steroid was
almost certainly contaminated by a fungus, although final laboratory results are
not yet in. Some
13,000 patients may have had the tainted steroid injected near their spines
to ease back or neck pain. The center has shut down, surrendered its license and
recalled all of its products, not just the steroids, while state and federal
investigations try to pin down exactly what went wrong.
How could this happen? As Denise Grady, Andrew Pollack
and Sabrina Tavernise explained in The Times, these pharmacies fall into a legal
no man’s land between the Food and Drug Administration and 50 state pharmacy
boards, most of which have little expertise and limited resources to ensure the
safety of these products.
Years ago, compounding pharmacies were small-scale
operations that mixed ingredients to meet the special needs of patients who
couldn’t take the standard drugs, perhaps because they were allergic to a
particular ingredient or couldn’t swallow a pill and needed a liquid form
instead. Such pharmacies still exist, often inside a hospital, where they
custom-make mixtures in accord with prescriptions written by the patients’
doctors.
Over the past decade or more, however, some pharmacies
have morphed into miniature drug companies that compete with big pharmaceutical
firms and produce compounds that essentially mirror drugs already on the market.
Doctors and hospitals have turned to these pharmacies because their prices are
often much lower than those charged by major manufacturers or because the
standard drugs are in short supply.
Therein lies an element of risk. Compounded drugs have
not gone through the same rigorous tests for safety and effectiveness required
of standard drugs and are not made in plants inspected by the F.D.A. to ensure
good manufacturing practices. There have been several incidents in recent years
in which compounded drugs have caused injury. Some critics complain that the
F.D.A. and state regulators should have intervened in this case sooner and more
forcefully, which may well be true. But conflicting court decisions have left
unclear what powers the F.D.A. has to regulate these pharmacies.
Congress can and should clarify matters with
legislation. The legislation ought to grant the F.D.A. any powers it thinks it
needs to inspect compounding pharmacies, monitor their nationwide sales and
judge the safety or effectiveness of their products. It should also empower the
F.D.A. to block pharmacies from making drugs (such as injectable steroids) that
require a higher degree of sterility than many of them can meet. The goal is to
ensure that there are no further calamities in this lightly regulated market.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/10/opinion/out-of-control-compounding-of-drugs.html?smid=pl-share
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